Simplified Time-line of the Old Testament

The historical narrative of the Old Testament is not uniform — sometimes the narrative flies over centuries in a few verses, sometimes it slows down and takes up a whole book to tell us about a period of thirty days. We will reap great benefits in our study of the OT if we understand this fact, and try and perceive the speed of the narrative.

The graphic below presents a bird’s-eye view of the historical books of the OT (Genesis to Esther) plotted along a time-line that stretches from the Creation of the world to the birth of Messiah, the Lord Jesus Christ. Some key events (the Flood, the Exodus, etc.) are marked in the time-line, but the main purpose of the graphic is to show the period of time occupied by each book, and the chronological relation between the books.

To prepare the graphic I used mostly the chronological data published by M. Anstey (ANSTEY, Martin. Chronology of the Old Testament complete in one volume. Grand Rapids, Kregel Publications, 1973. ISBN 0-8254-2112-8). Anyone who has tried to study the chronology of the OT knows that some periods present great challenges — so it behoves me to point out that other chronologers will suggest different dates for some of the events mentioned (the Flood, for instance). Even so, the usefulness of the graphic remains largely unaltered, for the general relation between the parts of the OT presented here will not change substantially, no matter which chronology you follow.

There is a green bar for each of the seventeen historical books (alternating between two tones of green, to help distinguish one book form the next), with the exception of Leviticus and Deuteronomy — both these books describe a period of only one month each, and are represented on the time-line by a red line. The bars that represent each book of the Bible are drawn to scale (the bigger the bar, the more time that book occupies in OT history). If the table were printed on an A3 sheet (420 x 297 mm) each millimetre would be equivalent to ten years (Judges is taken up with a 400 year period, and it’s bar measures 40 mm when printed on A3). For various books (Exodus, for example) there is not enough space on the coloured bar to include the details of the book — for these books the details are included below the bar, and linked to it by a solid line.

The graphic illustrates clearly how God is telling us, in the OT, the history of Israel, not the history of humanity. Genesis, the book that takes us from the creation of man to the formation of the nation of Israel, flies rapidly over a period of more than two thousand years — more than all the rest of the OT!

It is also easy to see how II Samuel describes the same historical period as I Chronicles, and that II Chronicles parallels the two books of Kings.

The book of Ruth fits into the period described in Judges, but it is impossible to know it’s exact date.

Any questions or suggestions in the comments below will be gladly accepted. A high-resolution version of the graphic can be downloaded here.

© W. J. Watterson

What is God's testimony of me?

If we examine the occurrences of the Greek word martureo (“testify”; Strong’s nº 3140), we will notice that the Holy Spirit presents to us a very interesting picture of God testimony of His servants. The word is used 79 times in the Bible describing men testifying of other men, God testifying of His Son, etc. But only three times is it used in relation to God testifying of a human being.

And these three occurrences present to us God’s servants in relation to the past, the present and the future.

The past (Acts 15:8): acceptance

When God saved the gentiles in Cornelius’ house, Peter said that “God … bare them witness [martureo], giving them the Holy Ghost, even as He did unto us; and put no difference between us and them”. In giving them the Holy Spirit, God recognised publicly, before prejudiced Jews, that gentile believers were accepted before the God of Israel on the same footing as Jewish believers.

As a believer, I can look back to the moment when I was born-again, and thank the Lord for giving me the right to serve Him. I was transformed from a servant of sin into a servant of God, and now I am accepted before Him.

The present (Acts 13:22): aspiration

After rejecting Saul, the man after the nation’s heart, God presented His king, the man after His heart, “David … to whom also He gave testimony [martureo], and said, I have found David the son of Jesse … which shall fulfil all my will.” In choosing David God declared that this man had the honest desire to fulfil all of God’s will. Of course he wasn’t perfect (the Bible’s narrative of his life makes that clear), but his life would be lived according to this principle: fulfilling the Lord’s will.

Like the Gentiles in Acts 10, I am worthy of serving God; am I willing?

The future (Heb 11:4): approval

After Abel died, God inspired the write of Hebrews to tell us that “he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying [martureo] of his gifts” (i.e., what Abel offered to God). Abel died, but “he being dead yet speaketh”. God publicly testified that the sacrifice of Abel, fruit of his faith, was approved and received by Him.

One day the Lord will evaluate my service also. He, who accepted me and gave me the right to serve Him, who knows whether I aspire to serve Him or not, will declare whether my service was approved or rejected. He will prove it by the fire of His word (I Co 3:10-15); what will be the result?

He has accepted me in His service; He is the inspiration for my feeble aspirations; may I so live that He may approve my service on that day, testifying of my gifts.

© W. J. Watterson